Privacy and Security in Digital Networks-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Examine about the Privacy and Security in Digital Network. Answer: Contextual analysis The Singapore Government has conveyed a system of keen sensors and cameras at different focuses like traffic lights and junk receptacles. There are additionally a progression of sensor boxes to go about as Wi-Fi hotspots all through the city combined with a heterogeneous system where advanced mobile phones and different gadgets consistently switch between portable information and Wi-Fi. Every one of these measures are taken to guarantee that they control cybercrime and relieve the dangers with data security in the advanced world. Security issues contacting occupants and guests Sensors are equipment gadgets that build a quantifiable response to an adjustment in a physical structure like temperature or weight (Lakhtaria, 2015, p. 328). Shrewd sensors are gadgets that take contribution from the environmental factors and uses inbuilt PC assets to play out the particular capacities it was intended for. Keen sensors are utilized for checking and control purposes in a horde of ways: traffic control and the board, trash assortment and waste removal, supported stopping and informing the experts on the off chance that an episode that may require their intercession happens. A system of savvy sensors comprises of cameras, organize sensors, remote gadgets, control focuses and individuals observing the frameworks. As indicated by Yang (2014) the system of keen sensors catches information from different sources and transfers the information to a focal control community where it is investigated and used to settle on ongoing choices to check potential enemies and help mode rate their effect on the everyday existences of the residents. A system of shrewd sensors help the administration to work as an endeavor taking out storehouses where data is disconnected and there is no sharing of the data accumulated with different divisions. Storehouses make it hard to share data across different divisions in the administration since the data and activities are autonomous to the particular offices (Abraham, Falcon Koeppen, 2017). Where there are storehouses, data isn't shared uninhibitedly among different divisions in the administration. Different divisions of the legislature may likewise purposefully neglect to share and trade data with their partners in the administration making it hard to collaborate along these lines constraining the exercises across different offices which legitimately meddles with the effectiveness of the legislature. It is important to get rid of storehouses to empower free progression of data across different divisions in government to empower powerful and proficient control and administration conveyan ce to the residents. The explanation for sending a system of shrewd sensors in a city or town is respectable as it enables the legislature to enhance security for its residents. This is conceivable since savvy sensors catch information and transmits it progressively (Hu Hao, 2013). The data caught by the system of sensors is broke down and utilized by different government organizations to settle on the suitable choice as per the current circumstance. The information caught from the different sensors conveyed gives an unending progression of data that is utilized to settle on choices progressively and report crises on the off chance that they happen. Sensor systems can gauge and track all the exercises occurring inside their circle making it conceivable to give spot on security administrations to model, when the system of savvy sensors transmit data about an episode in the city like a quiet dissent that heightens to get vicious, security work force can be sent to contain the dissidents. Keen sensors can likewise enhance the productivity and manageability of foundation. Having shrewd sensors on water and gas lines makes it conceivable to distinguish if there are any holes. Shrewd sensor on electrical cables, traffic lights, road lights makes it simple for observation of these frameworks settling on it simple to settle on choices dependent on the data got (Khan, Pathan Alrajeh, 2016). Brilliant sensors when utilized in squander assortment and removal makes it simple to deal with the waste. Keen sensors make it simple to deal with the frameworks and save money on costs. Shrewd sensors can likewise be utilized in helped stopping to make the lives of the residents simple. Where there are keen sensors there is a ton of reconnaissance included. Savvy sensors catch and track everything without exception in the spots where they are conveyed (Ammari, 2014). Since the system of brilliant sensors catches everything without exception, it raises worries about protection. In spite of the fact that the legislature minimizes matters security, it is a significant worry for residents. Residents need to work unreservedly unafraid of the older sibling. Residents need social protection and information security. Residents need protection to their information, conduct and activities, correspondence, area and individual space, affiliation, picture and their contemplations and emotions. Accessibility of savvy sensors out in the open spots empowers government organizations to gather an unlimited measure of information about their residents and guests (Sun Hong, 2014). The information gathered about residents and guests can be transmitted to other intrigue bunches without essentially looking for the assessment of the people. This is a break of the Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA) which gives the residents the option to get to and right information about them since they reserve the option to comprehend what data is contained about them and how this data is utilized. The Personal Data Protection Act additionally oversees how associations gather, utilize and uncover individual information. With the accessibility of a system of keen sensors, it is conceivable to gather a lot of individual information about occupants and guests. Exposure and utilization of this information raises worries of protection which should be routed to keep up people groups trust in associa tions gathering this information. Individuals have the privilege of protection to their area and individual space. With the utilization of brilliant system sensors, it is conceivable to precisely find an individual (Kooijman, 2015). It is even conceivable to build their exercises for the duration of the day. It is conceivable to follow an individual from the time they go out till the time they return to the house. This is conceivable since as they go out, they go over IP cameras introduced deliberately in different spots. As they move towards town, the traffic lights with facial acknowledgment can recognize them and transmit their developments. The CCTv cameras found in different joints like cafés, general stores and shops can be utilized to develop the developments of individuals (Sebastiano, Breems Makinwa, 2013. This shows developments of individuals are under watch and somebody with access to the system of shrewd sensors can observe each progression they make. There are a progression of sensor boxes at Wi-Fi hotspots, presentation of a heterogeneous system where cell phones can consistently switch between versatile information and Wi-Fi. This improves correspondence significantly since inhabitants and guests can keep their gadgets associated consistently. Notwithstanding, this raises worries on the protection of correspondence. Sensor confines discovered Wi-Fi hotspots can filter data that individuals are sending over these systems. This implies whatever data sent by inhabitants and guests over these systems are subject for investigation to recognize the great and awful correspondence. Observation of these systems might be advocated by the way that cybercrime is on the ascent today accordingly making it vital for all advanced substance to be assessed (Benhaddou Al-Fuqaha, 2015). This anyway encroaches into the privileges of guiltless people who have no business with digital hoodlums and psychological militants. Individuals have the privilege of affiliation. Individuals are permitted to join associations of their enjoying. TheFreedom of Association and Protection permits laborers and businesses join associations willingly without outer impact (Havel, 2016). Individuals are additionally permitted to partake in the exercises of their individual gatherings as long as they don't meddle with different people. With the accessibility of brilliant sensors, it is conceivable to follow the exercises of different gatherings. A few gatherings of sketchy exercises might be focuses of government offices. These gatherings important to the legislature might be firmly checked by the administration with or without their assent however it is their entitlement to amass and complete their exercises without outside intercession as indicated by The Freedom of Association Act (1948). This profiling is a penetrate of their entitlement to partner and do their exercises. Individuals have the privilege of security to their considerations and sentiments. They are permitted to communicate as long as it isn't in a manner that is belittling to someone else. It is acceptable of individuals to watch what they post web based knowing too well that they ought to guarantee security just as perceive and manage internet harassing be it as targets or witnesses. Innovation today has made it conceivable to pass data rapidly and proficiently to others utilizing different stages like electronic mail, web based life and the Internet. There is anyway worries since the exercises completed by individuals over these advanced systems can without much of a stretch be observed by government offices. Brilliant sensors systems can gather the information we post on the web and build it to potentially distinguish the person of intrigue (Selmic, Phoha Serwadda, 2016). With the presence of remote sensor systems it is conceivable to gather and develop data that can be utilized to distinguish the advanced character of an individual. The things we post on the web, the sites we visit, the online studies we participate in and other online related exercises are completely observed and this data put away some place. The data can be put away by government offices or even promotion organizations who may utilize this information as they so please without fundamentally making the people profiled mindful. This data can incorporate delicate informati

Project Management Essay

1. Examine why numerous data innovation experts may disregard venture cost the board and how this may influence finishing ventures inside spending plan. Data innovation experts don't comprehend fundamental bookkeeping and account standards to have the option to do a net present worth investigation rate of return and restitution examination. It ought to likewise be viewed as that new advances or programming improvement costs are erroneous as it is difficult to put a figure on something has not been created. The issues they face might be they gauge too rapidly, don't have the evaluating experience, might be one-sided towards thinking little of and the board may require more precision. The book expresses that IT experts comprehend the estimation of a decent portfolio lined up with business targets yet do not have an all around characterized and steady procedure for dealing with the start, assessment and execution of IT speculations. To the extent mulling over tasks with financial plans it would not be an exact gauge of cost except if all the partners are included to make these conclusions. 4. Clarify what occurs during the procedure to decide the task spending plan. A venture financial plan includes designating quotes to singular work over the hour of the undertaking and depends on the WBS. The financial plan is resolved utilizing the quotes, premise of appraisals, scope standard, plan, asset schedule, contracts and hierarchical procedure resources. The primary objective is cost planning which makes a cost standard for estimating execution and financing necessity and thinking about archive refreshes. It is likewise critical to see how the organization works so the financial plan is made suitably. 6. What is venture portfolio the board? Could extend supervisors use it with earned worth administration? Undertaking portfolio the board permits associations to gather and control a whole set-up of ventures or speculations as on set of interrelated exercises. Venture supervisors can utilize it with earned worth administration as it is a presentation estimation procedure that let them know how well the task is meeting extension, time and cost objectives by entering real data and afterward contrasting it with a standard. 7. Depict a few sorts of programming that venture supervisors can use to help venture cost the board. Spreadsheets are a typical apparatus utilized for cost evaluating, planning and control. Microsoft Project is a venture the executives programming that takes into consideration the accompanying to be made, for example, income, spending plans, over spending assignments, over spending assets and earned worth reports. Some venture supervisors just utilize the company’s bookkeeping programming and spreadsheets to get greater adaptability. They have likewise figured out how to associate their bookkeeping programming to the venture the executives programming for increasingly precise data.

How to Separate Your Wants from Your Needs

How to Separate Your Wants from Your Needs How to Separate Your Wants from Your Needs How to Separate Your Wants from Your NeedsSome needs and wants are easy to distinguish. But other times, youll need to dive a little deeper to figure out what you can cut and what you really cant live without.When building your first budget, everyone is going to tell to separate your “needs” from your “wants.” No matter how you  plan on using the money you saveâ€"whether its to pay down your debt or build a hefty nest eggâ€"those extra funds are going to come from cutting down on superfluous costs, not the necessary ones.But while a lot of your expenses will be easy to categoriesâ€"rent is a definitely a “need, while ice cream is undeniably a “want”â€"some spending areas won’t be so easy. That’s why we spoke to a number of experts to dig into the budgetary nitty gritty and find out just how exactly one goes about separating their “wants” from their “needs.”This won’t be easy, but it will be helpful.“Few people really understand how much money they actual ly spend buying items that they may want when first seeing themâ€"but that arent true necessities,” said Timothy G. Wiedman, professor emeritus of Management and Human Resources at  Doane University (@DoaneUniversity).“For a great many folks, Id bet that figure is quite a bit more than theyd ever imagined; and when a credit card is used to finance those unnecessary impulse purchases, the eventual damage is even greater!William Acheson, CFO of  GWG Holdings, Inc.  in Minneapolis lamented how making good financial decisions, big and small, has gotten more difficult. “This is despite the proliferation of online and app-based spending, budgeting and investing tools,” he added.According to Acheson, this increased difficulty was due to two main factors.“The amount, intensity and sophistication of highly targeted advertising pushing us to spend more and more (to keep up with others).“The vast, and often conflicting, amount of advice and opinions from the experts who usually are trying to separate you and your moneyâ€"see item number one above.”“The result,” said Acheson, “can often be a disengagement from any form of advice or tools while you chalk it up all to noise and spend merrily ever deeper into debt.”Getting a firm grip on what spending you should cut back on is a critical first step towards taking control of your financial future. It wont be easy, but the benefits cant be denied.No more purchasing on impulse.When you have a monthly budget, impulse purchases can throw everything out of whack. And if you’re buying something that can be categorized as a “splurge,” that pretty much tells you right there that it’s a “want,” not a “need.”But cutting out impulse spending is easier said than done. So what can you do to keep those excess items out of your shopping cart? Here’s Wiedman with a very simple solution:I often used to fritter money away by making unnecessary impulse purchases, but I found a prevention strategy that has worked well for me.“Before buying anything beyond my basic, everyday necessities (especially if an item is pricey), I put off the purchase decision long enough to sleep on it.   Then, after a day or two, I make a quick mental list of the pros and cons related to that particular purchase.“Sometimes purchasing that item still seems reasonable, and Ill shop around to find the best deal available.  But, on the other hand, if buying that product hardly makes much sense at all, Ill skip that purchase entirely.”Does it need to be replaced?Sometimes, a thing will break and you’ll definitely need to replace it. That’s a need. But with other itemsâ€"ones that are still working fine, but are a little outdated or worse for wearâ€"the line between “want” and “need” gets a little bit blurrier.“In our modern society, we are quick to buy new because were constantly fed the information on the ‘latest and greatest.’” observed Shane Walker, executive VP and CMO at  ProActiv e FinTech LLC.But, even if an item breaks and needs to be replaced, there are larger principles at work that are likely hitting you right where it hurts: the bank account.“As sad as it is, we also live with the reality that companies no longer design products to last,” said Walker. “Things are made to wear out or break down so we are forced to buy again. Unlike years ago, when products were made to last for years, we are faced monthly with needing to replace items.”Even so, you need to think long and hard before spending to replace an expensive item that works fine but isn’t the newest, most fashionable item. Walker also noted that buying better-quality, longer-lasting items might cost you a little more in the short term but will save you money overall.Follow the Rule of Eight.There’s a flipside to buying nicer, more durable items over cheaper ones: Past a certain point, high-end products aren’t that much better than the middle-range ones. If you’re constantly buying the most expensive products out there, you’re adding a whole bunch of costly “want” on top of a basic “need.”To combat this phenomenon and help people manage their money more effectively, Acheson has a simple system called the “Rule of Eight” that he believes leads to better and more informed spending choices across the board. Here’s how described it:“The Rule of Eight has two components.  First is the quality component. The Rule of Eight says that you get what you pay for any good with the quality of rating between one and eight on a 10-point scale.In other words, once the quality (you can substitute the word ‘luxury’ here) exceeds eight on the 10-point scale, the price rises very rapidly yet the usefulness of the item (economists call this the “utility” of the item) barely changes at all.“An example from the household is that a GE Profile Range (seven or eight out of ten) has virtually the same utility as a luxury brand such as Wolf but at a fraction of the cost.  This rule applies to virtually everything in the world from concert tickets to cars to coffee.“The second component of the Rule of Eight is quantity. This is an easy one: 80 percent of your purchases should conform to the Rule of Eight.  So, only on relatively rare occasions should you be buying nine or 10-points quality of anything.“Save your 20 percent for those ‘luxury’ items that really matter and really mean something to you. For the rest of your purchases, ‘pretty good’ is more than good enough. Adopt the Rule of Eight into your lifestyle and you may surprise how much money you are wasting on needless ‘luxury.’”Can you live without it?Let’s cut to the chase. Something you need is something that you can’t live without. So why not just ask yourself, “Can I live without this?” That’s exactly what Jill, owner of the frugal family living blog  Organizational Toast (@organizationaltoast), didâ€"and it worked out great.“When we became a o ne-income family we realized very early on that we had to openly and honestly look at what a want vs. a need was. This meant asking the simple question ’Can I live without this?’ Meaning will my life go on without this item,” said Jill.“If the answer was ‘no’ we asked ourselves what were the most cost-effective options for that item? We did this for everything!  From the smallest purchase at the grocery store to large purchases like a family vehicle. This questioning process made us really think about what we were buying and not only curbed  our spending on wants but also cut down on impulse buying!”If you want to make the decision process a little more scientific, Certified Financial Planner R.J. Weiss, founder of the personal finance site The Ways to Wealth (@thewaystowealth), has a solution that might appeal to you. “One way to separate wants from needs is to create a ‘To Buy’ list of items youre looking to buy,” he said.“Once you place something on the to buy list, make a note of how many times you would have used that item over the next 30 days. If it is something that will improve your daily quality of life, considering buying it. If you would have just used it once and it wasnt critical, now you can take a pass.”Consider cutting back in these four areas.Some lifestyle areas are more likely to carry waste than others. Jeremy Rose, Director of the U.K. web hosting site CertaHosting suggested four areas of spending that were  ripe  for cutting back:“Food, as one of the most frequent and largest monthly expenses, or to be exact, irrational buying of food (which are then not used, buying more types of the same food, accumulating food and the like) are in the first place when it comes to uncontrolled spending, “ he said. “Our actual biological needs differ from the wants and indulgences we often do to feel better, not realizing its costing us money.”Beyond food, Rose also suggested cutting back in the following two areas:†œCable TV: Subscription to cable programs can burden the home budget, especially if we take into account the breadth of the currently available software packages on the market, their prices and their ability to combine.”“Gym membership: Membership in a gym is one of the costs we are getting into because we think we need it in order to live a certain way. For those who use it occasionally and arent active members of the gym, this expenditure is unnecessary.”Lastly, Rose advocated for staying inâ€"which is usually very inexpensiveâ€"over going out, which is usually not. “The decision to reduce monthly expenses and to cut on the things you really dont need can be achieved by lowering or quitting altogether eating out,” he said.However, he made to note that going out, shouldnt be eliminated entirely as social contacts play an important role in the private and business world.” He simply meant that habit should be “reduced to an acceptable level.”This might take some time , so be patient.With the exception of winning the lottery, there’s nothing you can do overnight to help your finances. Maintaining a budget and trimming your expenses is something that will take timeâ€"which means that it will also take patience.Besides, the longer you track your expenses, the larger the sample size you’ll have to work with and the easier you’ll be able to pick out your own problem areas with money.“Folks who are having trouble budgeting should track each and every expenditure they make for at least six weeks so that they can see where every bit of their money is going,” advised Wiedman. “At that point, they can begin to assess exactly where unnecessary spending is occurring and then formulate a plan to improve their spending habits.”To underline his advice, Wiedman cited one of the world’s most famous (and accurate) pieces of financial wisdom: ‘Watch the pennies and the dollars will take care of themselves.’”Plan ahead for future needs.If you have bad credit and insufficient savings, an unexpected bill or financial shortfall could leave you needing bad credit loans to make ends meet. This will leave you vulnerable to  predatory no credit check loans  like  payday loans, title loans, and cash advances. Not great!While choosing a more affordable  installment loan is probably be the better option, your  best  option is to avoid needing  any  high-interest personal loans in the first place! Maintaining well-stocked emergency fund, managing your debt, and taking care of your credit score will turn that need into a no need to worry!Thats why you need to plan ahead! To learn more about budgeting, saving, and proper money management, check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Building Your Financial Life: Budgeting for BeginnersSave More Money with These 40 Expert Tips10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousWant to Raise Your Credit Score by 50 Points? Here Are Some TipsDo you have a   personal finance ques tion youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsWilliam Acheson, Chief Financial Officer for GWG Holdings, Inc., has more than 25 years of experience in positions of importance for financial services firms around the globe. Prior to joining GWGH in 2014, Mr. Acheson served as Managing Director of Global Structured Finance and Investments at Merrill Lynch in  London. Mr. Acheson earned B.S. degree in accounting from the College of St. Thomas in St. Paul, MN, and earned his CPA certificate in 1991.Jill is the owner and voice of Organizational Toast (@organizationaltoast), a resource for families looking for budgeting and frugal living tips. Her personal experience becoming debt free as a one income family drives the content and resources and provides the tools and insights other families need to successfully manage their finances, reduce their spending and reach their financial goals.Jeremy Rose has ten years’ experienc e as a hosting provider and has been running a highly successful telecoms business from the town for 20 years.R.J. Weiss is a  CFP ® and founder of the personal finance site  The Ways to Wealth (@thewaystowealth).Shane Walker is  the executive VP CMO at ProActive FinTech LLC. He  gives people better control of their finances by digitizing the successful concept of the envelope system for budgeting. At ProActive Budget, theyve  combined the modern convenience of a debit card with the proven budgeting system of using envelopes.  It works because it requires a person to consult their budget before they spend. It changes the behavior of spending money.After 13 years as a successful operations manager working at two different ‘Fortune 1000’ companies, Dr. Timothy G. Wiedman spent the next 28 years in academia teaching college courses in business, management, human resources, and retirement planning.  Dr. Wiedman recently took an early retirement from  Doane University (@DoaneUniver sity), is a member of the Human Resources Group of West Michigan and continues to do annual volunteer work for the SHRM Foundation. He holds two graduate degrees in business and has completed multiple professional certifications.

The Narrative of Frederick Douglass and David Walkers Appeal

Although slavery has long been abolished, there is no doubt that there were important pieces of literature being produced at this time. The most significant pieces of literature were those against slavery. Anti-slavery writings gave people a closer look into what it is was like to be a slave. Two writings in particular played an essential role in expressing the mistreatment of slaves and the African American race itself. The Narrative of Frederick Douglass and David Walkers Appeal, explained the problems slaves has in learning, hypocrisy in Christianity within the slave owner, and the action slaves should take. Fredrick Douglas was born a slave. In his narrative, Mr. Douglass explains how his mistress took an interest in him. Mrs. Auld would teach Mr. Douglass how to read, but was forbidden to continue by her husband, Mr. Auld. Mr. Auld explained to his wife, teaching a slave to read and write would make him unmanageable and unfit to be a slave. It was at this very moment Frederick D ouglas learned whites held slaves back by depriving them of an education and literacy. In realizing the strategies of the whites, Frederick Douglass understood that slavery was not a natural part of society. Mr. Douglass also understood that he was not naturally inferior, but was being held back by the whites need to enforce the lack of knowledge amongst the slaves. Frederick Douglass understood in order to be free he had to learn to read and write. To obtain his education, Mr. Douglass becameShow MoreRelatedEssay on Rhetoric of Resistance in Literature995 Words   |  4 PagesRhetoric of Resistance in Literature Throughout this semester we have read material focusing on slave narratives, authentic and fictionalized. Three very important pieces of literature during the period in which slavery was alive and well in this country that will be examined are: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, David Walkers Appeal and Henry Highland Garnets An Address to the Slaves of the United States of America. Each of these pieces proved to be material that was consideredRead MoreAbolitionism and William Wells Brown987 Words   |  4 PagesAlso, in Clotel; or, The Presidents Daughter: A Narrative of Slave Life in the United States (1853), the first African American novel, Brown relates the story of Thomas Jeffersons relationship with his slave mistress Sally Hemings (1773–1835). Originally published in England, the novel eventually came to U.S. readers, but only after it had been significantly revised, with references to the president removed. 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Even with tensions high, some abolitionistsRead MoreRole Of African American Women During The Abolitionist Movement1868 Words   |  8 PagesChristianity and the wri ting of David Walker. David walker was an African American abolitionist and antislavery activist who, published in 1829, An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, as a call for black unity and a fight for freedom from oppression and injustice. This appeal was believed by many slaveholders in the South to be an incitement of Nat Turner’s preaching’s of violence against whites. The same slave holders could’ve been the ones at fault for Walker’s mysterious death in 1830.

To Kill A Mockingbird Trial Analysis - 1076 Words

Significant incidents in a text are deliberately chosen to highlight a flaw in society or to express the composer’s concerns. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird (1960) ignites this notion as she purposefully chooses Tom Robinson’s trial to be the climax of the text where the flaws in society become highlighted. The trial and what happens during the trial does have some parallels to Lee’s purpose of exposing the race relations in the Southern states of America to her audience of the 1960s in the grip of the civil rights movement. This has proliferated and added power to her purpose of raising awareness of bigotry and the treatment of others to her audience of the 1960’s. Harper Lee uses the trial scene as a platform to further highlight†¦show more content†¦The purpose of the trial can be linked to how Lee implies that racial prejudice spans further to areas where justice is to be uphold such as in the judicial system. Harper Lee, through her text, also denotes the repercussions of a power-based societal structure. The climax of the text, the trial, can be linked to others parts of the novel. In To Kill A Mockingbird, social inequality is evident throughout the text, which expands on her purpose of critiquing her American 1930’s Maycomb. At the beginning, it becomes evident that there is an overcomplicated social hierarchy in Maycomb. The social inequality is displayed in the juxtaposition, â€Å"Negroes worshipped it (church) on Sundays and white men gambled in it on weekdays†. The quote shows that the â€Å"white men† have disrespect towards the property of the blacks. It also suggests that the Negro community is too poor to build their own church, which highlights the social inequality faced in Maycomb. With the social hierarchy in mind, the Finches are near the top where the Cunninghams and â€Å"white trash† Ewells are below. However, even though the Ewells are the lowest of the lows of the white community they still are above the black community only on the basis of skin colour. With this social power over the blacks, Bob Ewell is able to persecuted Tom Robinson and know for sure that he will win the court case as â€Å"A white mans word, against a black mans word, the white man always wins†. A linkShow MoreRelatedTheme Of To Kill A Mockingbird1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Pureness of Mockingbirds In 1960, Harper Lee published one of the most controversial books of our time. To kill a mockingbird contains three debatable themes; racism, good and evil, and morals. Harper Lee uses three children and rape trial to portray these topics. These themes are present throughout the story of a small Alabama town divided over a rape trial including an African American man and a young white girl. Lee’s novel is still disputed over to this day. One of the book’s centralRead MoreEssay Justice System in To Kill a Mockingbird897 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the dedication of Mr. Finch in â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, even though it turned out against his favor due to an absence of evidence and a debauched court hearing. This court hearing makes readers question whether or not the justice system of that era was fair and in retrospect, a good question is whether or not our justice system today is fair and lawful. If you think that a false conviction was unfair, Tom is eventually killed for his false conviction under a faulty justice system. To meRead MoreEffects Of Racial Discrimination In To Kill A Mockingbird1526 Words   |  7 Pageswhen you believe that a certain race is bad. Intrinsic racism is when you have a specific hatred towards a certain race. To Kill a Mockingbird, a novel that shows many forms of racial discrimination that was written b y Harper Lee in the 1960’s. In To Kill a Mockingbird , a black male named Tom Robinson is accused of raping a white woman named Mayella Ewell. During the trial Robinson was well represented by a prominent lawyer named Atticus. Atticus knew because of racial discrimination Robinson wouldRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Of Kill A Mockingbird 1271 Words   |  6 PagesJourney Tasopulos Brannen ELA-8 19 April, 2015 Novel Analysis: To Kill A Mockingbird Selection: I selected this book because its the best book I have ever read. I read To Kill A Mockingbird last year and my class wrote an essay about this book, since I already know so much about this book I thought it would be a nice and quick read. I thought it would be a great enjoyment to refresh my memory of this epic book. I watched the movie soon after I read the whole book and it was very fun to pick outRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird977 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis for To Kill a Mockingbird â€Å"There’s something in our world that makes men lose their heads- they couldn’t be fair if they tried. In our courts, when it’s a white man’s word against a black man’s word, the white always wins. They’re ugly, but these are the facts of life.† ************ Along with the main theme of the story, racism, there are multiple other themes that are represented in the story. These include: the coexistence of good and evil, and importance of mortal educationRead MoreAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee In 1960, Harper Lee published her critically acclaimed book To Kill a Mockingbird. Only a year after being published the American classic novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in fiction as well as the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews. Gregory Peck stared as Atticus in the successfully adapted 1962 motion picture of To Kill a Mockingbird that won an Academy Award. This book is based on many childhood experiencesRead MoreA Time to Kill and to Kill a Mockingbird1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie based on John Grishams A Time to Kill is a Hollywoodized, modern-day version of To Kill a Mockingbird. Both movies employ many of the same themes and plot elements; but the former movie is one-dimensional and predictable while the latter is innovative and purposeful. The movie version of Harper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird is considered a classic film, whereas John Grishams adapted novel is merely another example of the money making efforts of Hollywood. Some of the movies moreRead More Comparing the Movies A Time to Kill, by John Grisham and To Kill a Mockingbird1285 Words   |  6 Pages The movie based on John Grishams A Time to Kill is a Hollywoodized, modern-day version of To Kill a Mockingbird. Both movies employ many of the same themes and plot elements; but the former movie is one-dimensional and predictable while the latter is innovative and purposeful. The movie version of Harper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird is considered a classic film, whereas John Grisham?s adapted novel is merely another example of the money making efforts of Hollywood. Some of the moviesRead MoreTheme Of Prejudice In To Kill A Mockingbird1452 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Prejudice Prejudice is defined as a preconceived judgement, or as an adverse opinion formed without just grounds or before sufficient knowledge. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird explores many themes, one of them being prejudice. The story takes place in Maycomb, Alabama in the 1930’s, an era commonly remembered for the intense racism and sexism that dominated the time. To Kill a Mockingbird centers around the mystery of Arthur Radley, also known as Boo, and the trial of a blackRead MoreEssay To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination893 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination The most important theme of the 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is author Harper Lee’s tenacious exploration of the moral nature of people. Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequences

Argumentative Photo Essay Topics Reviews & Tips

Argumentative Photo Essay Topics Reviews & Tips The Basics of Argumentative Photo Essay Topics You can also buy books or other things to get ready for college through our on-line shop. The type of information which Becky just got new automobile interior is entirely useless in the very long run. Photo projects provide a good method to try out something new and will be able to help you escape from a rut. A portrait series isn't the only sort of series. There's, obviously, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. The very first step is where a significant number of students become stuck. All the world's most significant museums ought to be free to visit, particularly for foreigners. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. Argumentative Photo Essay Topics Ideas Photo essays are an easy, engaging app roach to get started. Photo submission Submit your initial photo. A photo essay is basically a storyor in this instance, an argumentthat is created through mainly images rather than text. This photo essay is going to be a component of that shift. To achieve that, the very first body paragraph has to start with getting a more thorough description of the photo. The type of such a story is known as the photo essay. If it turned out to be a personal choice photo, it's essential to defend your choice inside this paragraph. For instance, if you select an argumentative essay topics category in the most suitable region of the site page, the list of themes will show up in the left portion of this page. Don't neglect to have a look at links to other search websites, in addition to other web sites you might discover useful. The actual individuals highly praise our essay help site. You can trust the ideal essay help online. Argumentative Photo Essay Topics Options You may teach these ideas directly or have students do the job by researching by themselves. Students utilize constructive criticism rather than making judgements. As stated by the literature, such a seminar is beneficial for teachers who want students to explore an assortment of texts around a major issue or topic. The seminars encourage students to work with each other, creating meaning from the text and to keep away from attempting to locate an appropriate interpretation. The Argumentative Photo Essay Topics Stories Photos of celebrities and regular users in gyms can act as powerful motivators to quit eating fast-food and purchase a gym membership. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. Another benefit of our website is the quickness. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, and make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. By way of example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing viewpoint. Give a concise introduction of all of the people that you write about including yourself. Your thesis ought to be relevant so the report can use a structure that's flexible in order to fit in the shoes of the readers. Some have different financial troubles. It is possible to make use of these topics since they are or use them as hints to come up with your own ideas. The topic has to be interesting, the topic has to be essential and finally the topic has to be informative. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points you may counter to your own points. By doing this, it is possible to find any topic in any category that is going to be a great foundation for your argumentative essay. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't tricky to discover. On our site, you can find a lot of tips for themes for an argumentative essay. Avoiding social media can be quite tough. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Argumentative Photo Essay Topics Body paragraphs reveal the key events explained in the essay. It's defined as the absolute most basic kind of essay. Coin an intriguing thesis statement applicable to the topic whilst outlining the main objective and aim of the photo essay. Include a thesis statement to outline the function of the essay. Even though there are systematic ways on composing your very own informative essay, it can be challenging to do. Hopefully you are starting to acquire a better grasp about how to pick from the endless kinds of reflective essay topics and possibly even a better idea of the way to begin writing your essay. There are 3 methods that could be utilised in providing explanation for informative essay. The standard manner of essay writing can acquire monotonous for students. The Argumentative Photo Essay Topics Game For instance, there isn't any way you are able to argue on this issue of whether humans walk on two legs because it is a known fact with no attached debate. It's essential not just to supply the evidence to back up your position but also to refute that of your opponents. When you get rid of an argument, odds are you only used opinion to strengthen your position. An excellent argument demands the usage of logic and irrefutable evidence. It's possible to also restate the ide as you have discussed in the body paragraphs in order to make your point valid. It is crucial to get started with demonstrating the major idea of the entire piece so you and your readers are going to be on the exact page. Write a concise overview of your key points and the general takeaway from your reflection. For each point, check with the photo to strengthen your claim.

Employment Law Cases 2016 Eight Decisions to Look out For

Question: Describe about the Employment law cases 2016 for eight decisions to look out for. Answer: The said case is between the Secretary of Sate and Miss L R Parsons. The case was against the decision, which was made by the Secretary of State on 1st September 2015 regarding the Personal Independence Payment. PIP is a welfare benefit, which is being provided in U K. This is paid only when any person is suffering from any health condition or he is disabling. It is generally paid based on the effects of a condition of a person. It is applicable to people aged between 16 to 64 and to claim PIP one has to go several tests and the test must be passed three months prior of claiming. (DisabilityrightsUK, 2016) In this case Miss Parson was suffering from various diseases due to which she was unable to carry out any daily activities. She had diseases like nystagmus, swelling, arthritis, asthma, hypermobility and anxiety. Due to all these diseases she was unable to perform her daily activities so an appeal was made to the Tribunal for claiming PIP. She had scored 10 points on the basis of the following descriptions: She was unable to take nutrition. For taking nutrition one needs supervision, assistance and to use an aid or appliance. Due to her ill health she was unable to take it. She was almost handicapped so she was unable to prepare her own food. So there should be someone who could cook and serve her food. Without this she wont be able to survive. Needs a person who could help her to bathe and even wash her daily belongings and other household stuffs. She was so ill that she even couldnt dress or undress herself. This shows she was completely dependent upon a person. She was also suffering from an eye disease due to which she was unable to read anything. So for this a person was required who can read out any information for her. Based on these descriptions Miss Parson was given 10 points and case was declared in favor of her. She is now eligible to receive PIP from 30th September 2015 till 29th September 2018, which is three years. (Turn2us.org, 2016) But she was not awarded an award for mobility component from 30th September 2015 since she had scored 0 points in it. This decision was given based on the evidences, which was placed in the Tribunal and based on the medical, and disability expertise. It was clearly seen that Miss Parsons was severely ill due to which her daily activities got effected and hence she was eligible for the PIP which is offered by the government. (Tribunaldecisions, 2016) The Judge named J D Roberts, D Nair and Mrs J Heller decided this case. Miss Parson appealed case on 26th February 2016 and the Tribunal took even the decision on 26th February 2016 in favor of Miss Parson. References Employment law cases 2016: eight decisions to look out for | Personnel Today. 2016.Employment law cases 2016: eight decisions to look out for | Personnel Today. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.personneltoday.com/hr/employment-law-cases-2016-decisions-to-look-out-for/. [Accessed 16 March 2016]. Personal Independence Payment (PIP) | Disability Rights UK. 2016.Personal Independence Payment (PIP) | Disability Rights UK. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.disabilityrightsuk.org/personal-independence-payment-pip. [Accessed 16 March 2016]. Tribunal decisions. 2016.Tribunal decisions. [ONLINE] Available at:https://tribunalsdecisions.service.gov.uk/utiac. [Accessed 16 March 2016]. Turn2us - What is Personal Independence Payment? . 2016.Turn2us - What is Personal Independence Payment?. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.turn2us.org.uk/Benefit-guides/Personal-Independence-Payment/What-is-Personal-Independence-Payment. [Accessed 16 March 2016].

Carbohydrates lab report Sample

Carbohydrates lab report Paper Carbohydrates are a type of acquirement found in many foods and beverages. Most carbohydrates are naturally occurring in plant-based foods, such as grains. Food manufacturers also add carbohydrates to processed foods in the form of starch or added sugar. As with all our approaches to food ingredients/constituents we will first examine the structure of carbohydrates and then try to elucidate how their structures allow them to function as they do. As their name suggests, carbohydrates basically made up from sugar and water, i. E. Xx(H2O)y, although this ratio is often not strictly true and occasionally other atoms may be present. The carbons are arranges in a chain (most often 5-6 atoms) functionalities with alcohol groups. The terminal carbon either carries either an alder or a ketene functional group. Carbohydrates are classified based on size of base carbon chain, number of sugar units, location of C=O and psychotherapy. Classifications of carbohydrate are incarcerations, disaccharide, electrocardiographs, and polysaccharides. Macroeconomics is the smallest possible sugar unit. Examples include glucose, calaboose or fructose. When we talk about blood sugar we are referring to glucose in the blood; glucose is a major source of energy or a cell. In human nutrition, calaboose can be found most readily in milk and dairy products, while fructose is found mostly in vegetables and fruit. When incarcerations merge together in linked groups they are known as polysaccharides. Disaccharide is two macroeconomics molecules bonded together. Polysaccharides are polymers. A simple compound is a monomer, while a complex compound is a polymer which is made of two or more monomers. We will write a custom essay sample on Carbohydrates lab report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Carbohydrates lab report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Carbohydrates lab report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Disaccharide are polysaccharides poly Specifies any number higher than one, while specifies exactly two. Examples of disaccharide include lactose, maltose, and sucrose. If you bond one glucose molecule with a fructose molecule you get a sucrose molecule. Sucrose is found in table sugar, and is often formed as a result of photosynthesis (sunlight absorbed by chlorophyll reacting with other compounds in plants). If you bond one glucose molecule with a calaboose molecule you get lactose, which is commonly found in milk. Starch, glycogen, Textron and cellulose are polysaccharides. Polysaccharides differ not only in the natural of their component incarcerations but also in the length of their chains and in the amount of chain branching that occurs. Polysaccharides function as storage trials, structural components, or protective substances. Thus, starch ( which exists in two forms: amylase and implementation ), glycogen and other storage polysaccharides, as readily metabolize food, provide energy reserves for cells. Chitin and cellulose provide strong support for the skeletons of arthropods and green plants, respectively. In this experiment those activity that had been carried out means to determine the carbohydrate class of an unknown by carrying out a series of chemical reactions with the unknown and known compounds in each class of carbohydrate such as the Mollies test (general CHOC), Beebreads test incarcerations), Feelings test (reducing sugars), Benedicts test (reducing sugars) and Iodine test (amylase). ACTIVITY 3. , MOLLIES TEST: A GENERAL TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES OBJECTIVE: To test the carbohydrate solution MATERIALS: 1 % of carbohydrate solutions( lactose, glucose, starch, sucrose, cellulose, fructose, apple and cabbage ), distilled water(as control tube), concentrated sulfuric acid, Mollies reagent. APPARATUS: Test tubes, test tube holder, dropper, ml pipette, glass rod, test tube rack, fume cupboard CAUTION: Mulish reagent contains concentrated sulfuric acid , which is toxic and corros ive. It can cause severe burns. Prevent eye, skin clothing, and combustible material contact. Avoid ingesting the substance. Elf you spill any reagent or acid, immediately notify your laboratory instructor. NOTE: Do not place your thumb over the open end off test tube when mixing its contents. Your laboratory instructor will suggest ways in which you can safely and thoroughly mix the contents of a test tube. PROCEDURES: 1. 2 ml of each of the 1% carbohydrate solutions that have been prepared is added into one set of labeled test tubes. 2. 2 drops of Mollies reagent are added to each test tube and is mixed well with a clean glass stirring rod. . The test tube is inclined. Then ml of concentrated sulfuric acid is added slowly and carefully down the side of the tube to form a layer below the sugar solution. ( This step is performed inside the fume cupboard ). 4. The resulting solution did not been shook or mixed. 5. The change of the solution is observed and recorded. (A purple ring at the interface is indicative of a carbohydrate ). 6. The test solutions containing Mollies reagent is discarded into the container provided by laboratory instructor. RESULT: DISCUSSION: Carbohydrates undergo dehydration reactions (loss of water) in the presence f concentrated sulfuric acid. Pentose and hoses form five member oxygen containing rings on dehydration. The five member ring, known as formula, further reacts with Mollies reagent to form colored compounds. Pentose are then dehydrated to formula, while hoses are dehydrated to 5- hydroxymethylfurfural. Either of these leaderless, if present, will condense with two molecules of naphtha to form a purple-colored product. A positive reaction is indicated by appearance of a purple ring at the interface between the acid and test layers. Incarcerations give a rapid positive test. Glucose and fructose are macroeconomics. Disaccharide and polysaccharides react more slowly than macroeconomics. Sucrose and lactose are disaccharide which also gave purple color ring. Starch and cellulose gave slightly purple color because they are polysaccharides. Distilled water gave negative test because it is not carbohydrate. A large apple has around 28-31 grams of carbohydrate. Apple and cabbage contain carbohydrate so that they gave purple ring in this test. CONCLUSION: Glucose, lactose, fructose, sucrose, starch and cellulose all are carbohydrates which give positive test for Mollies test. A sample of distilled water is prepared and tested as the controlling sample. ACTIVITY 3. 2, BEEBREADS TEST:A GENERAL TEST TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN MACROECONOMICS AND DISACCHARIDE To distinguish the given carbohydrate solutions as incarcerations or disaccharide. MATERIALS: fructose), distilled water (as control tube), Beebreads reagent APPARATUS: Test tubes, test tube holder, 5 ml pipette, pipette filler, stop watch, water bath CAUTION : Beebreads reagent is corrosive and an irritant. If you spill any of the solution on yourself or on the bench, immediately notify your laboratory instructor. PROCEDURES 1 . 5 ml of each of the carbohydrate solutions is added into one set of the labeled test tubes. . 5 ml of Beebreads reagent is added to each test tubes. 3. The contents of each tube are shook well. All the tubes are placed in an actively boiling water bath at the same time. 4. After the water starts boiling again, the solutions is heated for 3. 5 min. ( Timing is important since a false positive test can be obtained for incarcerations with disaccharide, if the disaccharide are heated for more than 3. 5 min thereby breaking down ( hydroplaning ) to incarcerations ). 5. During this period, the tubes are observed closely and any change of clarity of the solutions is noted. ( A positive test for incarcerations s the appearance of a red precipitate of CLICK within 1 or 2 minutes, if no precipitate forms it indicates the presence of a disaccharide). RESULT: 1% CARBOHYDRATE SOLUTION FORMATION OF RED PRECIPITATE Fructose Yes Glucose Cellulose No Lactose Sucrose Starch Distilled water(as control tube) Beebreads test distinguishes incarcerations from disaccharide. Positive test for incarcerations is the appearance of red precipitate (Such) within 1-2 minutes. If no precipitate formed, indicates the presence of disaccharide. The red precipitate come from the reaction between the reduction of copper (II) acetate o copper(l) oxide (Such). RICH + cue+ + 21-420 RICOH + Couch + UH+ The alder group of the macroeconomics which normally forms a cyclic hemispherical is oxidized to the carboxylic. Glucose and fructose which are incarcerations show positive result in this test. Reducing disaccharide undergo the same reaction, but do so at a slower rate. So, the timing to heat the sample is set to 3. 5 minutes. However, the samples are heated no more than 3. Minutes to prevent the disaccharide breaking down to macroeconomics. Lactose, sucrose, cellulose, starch and distilled water showed negative result in this test. Only macroeconomics will give an immediate red precipitate in Beebreads test that is glucose and fructose the other remaining solutions which are cellulose, lactose, sucrose, starch and distilled water do not show any changes. ACTIVITY 3. 3 FEELING TEST: FOR REDUCING SUGARS To distinguish the reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars 1% of carbohydrate solutions ( glucose, fructose, cellulose, lactose, sucrose, starch ), distilled water(as control tube), Feeling solution A ( 69. 8 grams copper (II) sulfate penetrated dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water), Feeling solution B ( 346 grams Rockwell salt ( potassium sodium treated dehydrated) and 120 grams sodium hydroxide in 1 liter of distilled water) APPARATUS: 5 ml pipette, test tubes, test tube holder, test tube rack, pipette filler, stop watch PROCEDURES: 1. 5 ml of carbohydrate solutions is added into one set of test tubes. 2. By using different glass pipettes, 5 ml of Feeling A and 5 ml of Feeling B are added into each test tubes. 3. The solution is heated in a boiling water bath for 5-10 minutes. 4. Red brick precipitate is formed for positive results. 5. Changes in test tubes are recorded. Samples Result Positive-red brick precipitate Negative-no changes Distilled water Feelings solution is used to test for the presence of a reducing sugar. Feelings solution was based on the alder or ketene groups in the sugar structures. A sugar is classified as a reducing sugar only if it has an open-chain form with an alder group or a free hemispherical group. The presence of leaderless but not stones is detected by reduction of the deep blue solution of copper(al) to a red precipitate of insoluble copper oxide. Fructose, glucose and lactose show positive result in this test. All incarcerations are reducing sugars. Many disaccharide, like lactose, also have a reducing form, as one of the two units may have an open-chain form with an alder group. However, sucrose, in which the anorexic carbons of the two units are linked together, are non-reducing disaccharide since neither of the rings is capable of opening. Polysaccharides (sugars with multiple chemical rings) are non-reducing sugars. Polysaccharides have closed structures, which use free atoms to bond together their multiple rings, and take a much longer time to be broken down. So, starch and cellulose which are polysaccharides have negative result in Feelings test. Distilled water is not reducing sugar also shows negative result. Feeling test is the common test which is used to determine the presence of reducing sugar. Fructose, lactose and glucose are reducing sugars which give brick red precipitate after the solutions are heated. ACTIVITY 3. 4 BENEDICTS TEST: FOR REDUCING SUGARS To test for reducing sugars starch ), MM hydrochloric acid (HCI), Benedicts reagent, distilled water APPARATUS: Test tubes, test tube holder, test tube rack, 5 ml pipette, pipette filler, dropper, stop watch, water bath PROCEDURES 1. Ml of Benedicts reagent and 2 ml of carbohydrate are added to a test tube ND each tube is shook thoroughly. 2. All the tubes are placed in a boiling water bath at the same time. The solutions are heated for 5-6 min. 3. Any changes in color, in the transparencies and in the formation and color of any precipitate are observed and recorded. 4. Later, 4 drops of MM HCI are added to 5 ml of 1 % sucrose solution and is heated in the boiling water bath for 5 min. 5. 1 % starch solution is treated in the same way but the heating period was extended to 25-30 min. 6. -2 ml of each of solution is applied with Benedicts test in the same manner as before. 7. The results are compared with those obtained without acid treatment. Sugar solution Result of color of the solution Light blue Brick red precipitate are formed Light blue + white precipitate Sucrose + HCI Starch + HCI Light green The Benedicts test is used to detect the presence of reducing sugars (sugars with a free alder or ketene group) such as glucose, fructose and lactose. All incarcerations are reducing sugars; they all have a free reactive carbonyl group. Some disaccharide have exposed carbonyl groups and are also reducing sugars. Lactose which is disaccharide also called reducing sugar as it has the exposed carbonyl groups. Other disaccharide such as sucrose and starch are non-reducing sugars and will not react with Benedicts solution. Benedicts reagent is a mild oxidant with Cuscus, Cue (II) sulfate, as one of the reagents. In the presence of a reducing sugar, the blue solution of Cue (II) or Cue+2, is changed to a brick red/brown precipitate of Copper (l) or Cue+l oxide,Such. If there a small or large amount of the reducing sugar present, the color would range from green to brick red respectively. RICH + cue+ + UH- RICOH + Sucrose indirectly produces a positive result with Benedicts such + UH agent if heated with dilute hydrochloric acid prior to the test, although after this treatment it is no longer sucrose. The addition of HCI hydrolysis the non- reducing sugar, as it split it up into its component monomers. The monomers are reducing sugars which gave the positive result on the second reducing sugar test. The acidic conditions and heat break the glycoside bond in sucrose through hydrolysis. The products of sucrose decomposition are glucose and fructose, both of which can be detected by Benedicts reagent, as described above.

James Hutton Essay Example

James Hutton Essay Example James Hutton Paper James Hutton Paper James Hutton A report done by Sarah Lynn Brixey James Hutton was a Scottish geologist, naturalist, and experimental farmer. He is considered the father of modern geology. His theories of geology and geologic time, are also called deep time, and came to be included in theories which were called plutonism and uniformitarianism. Plutonism is the disproven theory that all rocks formed by solidification of a molten mass. Uniformitarianism means of or pertaining to the thesis that processes that operated in the remote geological past are not different from those observed now. Another definition of uniformitarianism is supporting, conforming to, or derived from a theory or doctrine about uniformity, esp. on the subject of geology. In this report on James Hutton, you will learn who he was, his theory of rock formations, and his publication career. James Hutton was born in Edinburgh on June 3, 1726 as one of five children of a merchant who was also Edinburgh City Treasurer, but died when James was very young. He attended school at the Edinburgh High School, where he was particularly interested in mathematics and chemistry. At the age of 14, he attended the University of Edinburgh as a â€Å"student of humanity†. He was an intern to a lawyer at the age of 17, but took more of an interest in chemical experiments than legal work. At the age of 18, he became a doctor’s assistant and attended lectures of medicine at the University of Edinburgh. Three years later, he studied medicine in Paris, and in 1749, he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine at Leyden with a thesis on blood circulation. Around 1747, he had a son by a woman named Miss Edington, and other than giving the boy financial assistance, he had little to do with him. The boy went on to become a post office clerk in London. After receiving his degree, Hutton returned to London, and in the summer of 1750, at the age of 24, went back to Edinburgh and resumed experiments with close friend, James Davie. Their work on production of sal ammoniac from soot led to their partnership in profitable chemical works, manufacturing the crystalline salts which were used for dyeing, metalwork, and as smelling salts that were previously available only from natural sources and that had to be imported from Egypt. Hutton owned and rented out properties in Edinburgh, which employed a factor to manage this business. James Hutton inherited his father’s Berwickshire farms of Slighthouses, which are lowland farms that had been in the family since 1713, and a hill farm of Nether Monynut. In the early 1750s, he moved to Slighthouses, with his goal being to making improvements, which introduced farming practices from other parts of Britain and experimenting with plant and animal cultivation. He recorded his ideas and innovations in an unpublished thesis on The Elements of Agriculture. This developed his interest in meteorology and geology, and by 1753, he had become very fond of studying the surface of the earth, and was looking with anxious curiosity into every pit or ditch or bed of a river he came across. Working in a clearing and draining his farm provided many opportunities, and he noticed that a vast proportion of the present rocks are composed of materials afforded by the destruction of bodies, animal, vegetable and mineral, of more ancient formation†. His theoretical ideas began to come together in 1760, and while his farming activities continued, in 1764, he went on a geological tour of the north of Scotland with George Maxwell-Clerk. In 1768, Hutton returned to Edinburgh, leaving his farms to tenants but continuing to take an interest in farm improvements and research, which included experiments carried out at Slighthouses. He developed a red dye made from the roots of the madder plant. He had a house built in 1770 at St. John’s Hill, Edinburgh, overlooking Salisbury Crags. He was one of the most influential participants in the Scottish Enlightenment, and fell in with numerous first-class minds in the sciences including John Playfair, philosopher David Hume, and economist Adam Smith. He was a particularly close friend of Joseph Black, and the two of them together with Adam Smith founded the Oyster Club for weekly meetings, that included Hutton and Black to find a venue, which turned out to have rather disreputable associations. Between 1767 and 1774, Hutton had considerable close involvement with the construction of the Forth and Clyde Canal, making full use of his geological knowledge, both as a shareholder and as a member of the committee of management, and attended meetings including extended site inspections of all the works. In 1777, he published a pamphlet on Considerations on the Nature, Quality and distinctions of Coal and Culm, which successfully helped to obtain relief from removal duty on carrying small coal. Hutton hit on a variety of ideas to explain the rock formations he saw around him, but according to Playfair, he â€Å"was in no haste to publish his theory; for he was one of those who are much more delighted with the contemplation of truth, than with the praise of having discovered it. † After some 25 years of work, his Theory of the Earth; or and Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe was read to meetings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in two parts, first by his friend Joseph Black on March 7, 1785, and the second by himself on April 4, 1785. He subsequently read an abstract of his dissertation Concerning the System of the Earth, its Duration and Stability to the Society meeting on July 4, 1785, which he had printed and circulated privately. In it, his theory states that the solid part of the present land appears in general, to have been composed of the productions of the sea, and of other materials similar to those now found upon the shores. Hence we find reason to conclude:  ·That the land on which we rest is not simple and original, but that it is a composition, and has been formed by the operation of second causes.  ·That before the present land was made, there had subsisted a world composed of sea and land, in which were tides and currents, with such operations at the bottom of the sea as now take place.  ·That while the present land is forming at the bottom of the ocean, the former land maintained plants and animals; at least the sea was then inhabited by animals, in a similar manner as it is presently. Hence we are led to conclude, that the greater part of our land, if not the whole had been produced by operations natural to this globe; but that in order to make this land a permanent body, resisting the operations of the waters, two things must be required.  ·The consolidation of masses formed by collections of loose or incoherent materials.  ·The elevation of those consolidated masses from the bottom of the sea, the place where they were collected, to the stations in which they now remain above the level of the ocean. At Glen Tilt in the Cairngorm Mountains in the Scottish Highlands, Hutton found granite penetrating metamorphic schists, in a way, which indicated that the granite had been molten at the time. This showed him that granite formed from cooling of molten rock, not precipitation out of water, as others at the time had believed, and that the granite must be younger than the schists. He went on to find a similar penetration of volcanic rock through sedimentary rock near the center of Edinburgh, at Salisbury Crags, adjoining Arthur’s Seat, which is now known as Hutton’s Section. He found other examples on the Isle of Arran, also known as Hutton’s Unconformity and in Galloway. In 1787, Hutton noted what is now known as the Hutton Unconformity at Inchbonny, Jedburgh, in layers of sedimentary rock. Hutton reasoned that there must have been several cycles, each involving deposition on the seabed, uplift with tilting and erosion, then undersea again for further layers to be deposited, and there have been many cycles before over an extremely long history. Although Hutton privately circulated printed version of the abstract of his Theory, which he read at a meeting of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on July 4, 1785, the theory as read at the March 7, 1785 and April 4, 1785 meetings did not appear in print until 1788. It was titled Theory of the Earth; or and Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe and appeared in Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Following criticism, especially Richard Kirwan’s, who thought he was an atheist and not logical, among other things, Hutton published a two volume version of his theory in 1795, consisting of the 1788 version of his theory that included slight additions along with a lot of material drawn from shorter papers Hutton already had to hand on various subjects such as the origin of granite. It included a review of alternative theories, such as those of Thomas Burnet and Georges-Louis Leclerc, and Comte de Buffon. This whole was entitled An Investigation of the Principles of Knowledge and of the Progress of Reason, from Sense to Science and Philosophy when the third volume was completed in 1794. Its 2,138 pages prompted Playfair to remark that â€Å"The great size of the book, and the obscurity which may justly be objected to many parts of it, have probably prevented it from being received as it deserves†. His new theories placed him into opposition with the then-popular Neptunist theories of Abraham Gottlob Werner that all rocks had precipitated out of single enormous flood. Hutton proposed that the interior of the Earth was hot, and that this heat was the engine, which drove the creation of new rock; land was eroded by air and water and deposited into stone, and uplifted it into new lands. This theory was dubbed â€Å"Plutonist† in contrast to the flood-oriented theory. As well as combating the Neptunists, he also opened up the concept of deep time for scientific purposes, in opposition to Catastrophism. Rather than accepting that the Earth was no more than a few thousand years old, he maintained that the Earth must be much older, with a istory extending indefinitely into the distant past. His main line of argument was that the tremendous displacements and changes he was seeing did not happen in a short period of time by means of catastrophe, but that processes still happening on earth in the present day had caused them. As these processes were very gradual, the Earth needed to be ancient, in order to allow time for the changes. Before long, scie ntific inquiries provoked by his claims had pushed back the age of the earth into the millions of years- still too short when compared with what is known as in the 21st century, but a distinct improvement. The prose of Principles of Knowledge was so obscure, in fact, that it also impeded the acceptance of Hutton’s geological theories. Restatements of his geological ideas by John Playfair in 1802 and then Charles Lyell in the 1830s removed this hindrance. If anything, Hutton’s ideas were eventually accepted too well. At least some of the initial resistance to modern scientific ideas like plate tectonics and asteroid strikes causing mass extinctions can be attributed to too-strict adherence to uniformitarianism. It was not merely the Earth to which Hutton directed his attention. He had long studied the changes of the atmosphere. The same volume in which his Theory of Earth appeared contained also a Theory of Rain. He contended that the amount of moisture, which the air can retain in solution, increases with temperature, and, therefore, that on the mixture of two masses of air of different temperatures a portion of the moisture must be condensed and appear in visible form. He investigated the available data regarding rainfall and climate in different regions of the globe, and came to the conclusion that the rainfall is regulated by the humidity of the air on the one hand, and mixing of different air currents in the higher atmosphere on the other. In conclusion, James Hutton was a great man who did many things. On a more personal note, reading and learning about him peaked my curiosity in the things that we are learning in Earth Science class, and also to an extent in Geography. Before reading this, I didn’t really care about geology or rocks, for that matter. But after reading this, it sort of made me want to learn more about geology. Bibliography Page 1. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/277702/James-Hutton 2. plutonism. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2008. Merriam-Webster Online. 1 September 2008 merriam-webster. com/dictionary/plutonism

Thin Layer Chromatography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thin Layer Chromatography - Essay Example But butan-1-ol isn’t a suitable dissolvent for amino acids except it is hydrous. Based on the structure of the amino acids in this practical, group B have greater side sequence compared to group A. Furthermore, the movement level of amino acids remainder on the dissoluble on the side sequence in the solvent. The segregation of amino acids rely on the way they are used and the section properties like the impact to aid with one dissolvent or another or variable the pH of the dissolvent. The division by electrical charges would progress to preferable outcome. The basics of paper chromatography are comparable to thin layer chromatography, however, the support substance are not the same. Furthermore, the advantages of the thin layer chromatography over paper chromatography are; Alpha-mannosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal store disease caused by erroneous of lysosomal ÃŽ ±-mannosidase enzyme which is analysed by urine oligosaccharide diagnosis and blood ÃŽ ±-mannosidse test. Maple syrup urine disease is an autosomal recessive aminoacidopathy, it is an outcome of the default of branched-sequence amino acids. This disease is known by a Medical examination via urinary amino acid amount. g) A student spots an unknown sample on a TLC plate. After developing in hexane/ethyl acetate 50:50, he/she saw a single spot with an R f of 0.55. Does this indicate that the unknown material is a pure compound? What can be done to verify the purity of the sample? The way that you see one spot on a TLC plate does not so much imply that the result spotted holds one and only part. This is on the grounds that two mixes can have the same worth of Rf in a specific eluting framework. You must run the specimen in an alternate eluting dissolvable and check whether it again gives stand out spot. This is a great sign that the specimen is immaculate. Be that as it may, you

Find out in great detail about the quotes Research Paper

Find out in great detail about the quotes - Research Paper Example Capa was urging photographers to get near and feel the energy of their subjects, which is likely to deliver a more intimate and emotional image with considerable impact to the viewer. In the same token as cultural objects, photographers derive meaning from their context with the most essential aspect in photography being to interact naturally with the subject (Marien 281). The composition of photography can be dictated by the photographer’s position relative to the subject. Indeed, up close snap shots isolates and puts emphasis on the subject, but the photographer should live room for cropping without distortion of the subjects and the surroundings. James Nachtwey James Nachtwey has covered stories from a war zone in places such as Afghanistan, Bosnia, Kosovo, Rwanda, and South Africa. The images of destruction and slaughter inspired James to become a war photographer. The quote expresses the significance of pictures in bearing testimony for the photographer and all humanity, and the events captured by the camera lens provide irrefutable evidence, especially during war times (Marien 289). Pictures provided a living proof of events and a permanent proof that cannot be forgotten. Pictures capture both good and bad times can be employed as an advocacy tool, especially highlighting things that cannot be forgotten, and which must not be repeated. ... Pictures offer inferential anchoring and representation to enable the audience the experiences depicted, besides acting as a testimony (Warner 86). Robert Frank Frank’s photography gained prominence at a time when the sphere of American existentialism and Beat generation hauteur was at its peak, at a time when there was an emphasis on cool, self-absorbed rebelliousness within the face of narrow social conformity. As such, Frank can be considered as part of a wide artistic resistance movement seeking to use photography as a vehicle that expresses their creative self (Marien 340). The quote emphasizes the role of individuals to exploit photography as a potent tool that photographers can exploit to exhibit their creative self, but the photographer is not truly alone but in the company of his or her subjects. Photography provides a process of self-discovery and introspection; moreover, photography provides individuals with a stage on which they can share intimate visual experience s with others. Indeed, photography is an intensely personal journey, whereby in creating an image and disclosing the images to others, individuals are also disclosing a part of what is inside them. The images and descriptions aids individuals to gain insight into their own potential for generating own potential for creative and highly personal image making. Duane Michals Michals argue that the best part of individuals is not what they see, but what they feel. Individuals are not their eyeballs but their mind; hence, people have the capacity to define their medium, instead of waiting for the medium to define them. The most powerful aspect of photographs lies in making people see things in new ways. Photographers should pave  the way  by

Case study of fostering team in nuneaton

Case study of fostering team in nuneaton The background to your involvement I am currently on placement with the fostering team in Nuneaton which has in excess of seventy five carers in and around the Nuneaton/Bedworth area. The fostering team consists of 4 full time social workers, whose role encompasses assessment work along with supervisory responsibility of foster carers in line with the Department for Children, Schools and Families Working Together to Safeguard Children March 2010 which sets out how organisations and individuals should work together to save and promote the welfare of children and young people in accordance with the Children Act 1989 and the Children Act 2004 ( (DCSF, March 2010) and to identify placements for children being accommodated under various sections of the Children Act 1989. While on placement I shadowed a social worker involved in supporting 14 yr old Philips foster carers to deal with particular behavioural issues that had led to his placement breaking down. The foster carers have 3 foster children currently in their care, Phillip 14, James 15 and David 16. The 2 foster carers Mike 49 and Jane 46 live in a 4 bedroom house in Hinckley. Philip had left the house and was refusing to return, stating that his foster carers did not like him and that he wanted to live on his own. Bed and breakfast accommodation was arranged for him for a few days while the situation was re-assessed and a meeting with the foster carers arranged. Fundamental to all relationships and particularly the interaction between Philip and his mother, Philip and his foster carers and social worker and foster carers, communication is a central component. Analysing how effective communication plays a vital part in this clients circumstances will form the basis of this discussion. Good communication skills are a principle component of effective social work practice. They include active, attentive and empathetic listening, recognition of verbal and non verbal communication and general formal and informal interview techniques, as Payne has suggested, the application of communication theory gives practical help in controlling and understanding relationships and interactions with clients and a technology of interviewing and interpersonal skills (Payne, 2005, pg 178). Over recent year the children looked after by foster carers have included an increasing proportion of distressed adolescences along with the disruption rate for these placements as being high (Farmer et al 2003). One of the aims of the fostering social worker is to conduct detailed assessments of parenting approaches and strategies used by the foster carers looking after a teenager in a long term placement and how these strategies can change and develop during the course of the placement. Research has been conducted into fostering task with adolescents by Farmer et al (2004), found that they were concerns about the behaviour and well being of children when they move into a new placements. The findings in this case study highlighted a number of factors that contributed to the breakdown in the relationship with the foster carers and Philip and finally the placement. In this situation I had found out the Philips social worker had not communicated the nature and context of behavioural issues associated with him to the foster carers social worker so that foster carers could have been better informed. Following the placement breakdown the foster carers had reflected on their own lack of knowledge and experience at dealing with young people with behavioural problems had highlighted the need for specific training in this area for foster carers. Part 2 Using the material from part 1, critically analyse the challenges in ensuring good practice in communicating with this service user/s or carer/s What theory underpins your interaction? Modern social work theory incorporates social psychology and social construction theory to understand the way groups in society relate to each other and create and maintain social identities. Social psychology has influenced social work practice specifically with concepts from role theory and communication theory. Role theory offers a viewpoint in sociology and also within social psychology that includes most of everyday activities to be the acted out of socially defined categories such as mother, supervisor, and lecturer. Each defining social role comes with a set of rights, duties, expectations, norms and behaviour a person has to be able to fulfill. Communication theory uses a range of concepts from the scientific to the humanistic, to help us understand how people conduct themselves in creating, exchanging and interpreting messages (Farrell, 1987). These concepts help us to understand patterns of language and identify how people construct their social world.helping them to recon struct the world by using language differently to identify possibilities for change (Payne, 2005, pg 161). Communication theory is concerned with a range of ideas that can explain how individuals, groups and organisations communicate with each other. Linguistically, in the form of the spoken and written word and other mediums, and non verbal forms, such as body language and the way we speak, including tone, pitch, intonation and speed. Communication is more than the mere transmission of facts, as has been suggested information might be facts, or other things that might be learned, such as emotions, memories, bodily sensations or an idea about how someone feels about you (Payne, 2005, pg 171 or 178) and furthermore that language informs the way we think, the way we experience, and the way we interact with each other. Language provides the basis of community, but also the grounds for division (Thompson 2003:36) This suggests that communication networks are inextricably linked to social identity, ethnicity, culture and class. As Payne suggests, networks of communication build up and how we communicate and with whom, becomes part of our culture and social relations, for example, ethnic and class division are marked by separation in communication networks and patterns of communication often express power, domination and subordination. Communication may, therefore, help us to identify oppression and inequality (Payne, 2005, pg 171). If we use language, along with the capacity to communicate, to form our lives and to relate to others, then social workers need to be sensitively aware how their choice of words and mode of communication in intensely personal and emotional charged situations, can increase and decrease oppression in their interactions with young people. For example, use of professional jargon without explanation may alienate a client by creating a language barrier between social work er and the service user or carer. Where a child is suspected of being in need of protection the social worker must balance the needs of the young persons safety along with the potential of breaking up the family. The social worker that I shadowed believed that the needs of young people in foster care could be met through meaningful, consistent and positive relationships with the foster carer whilst on the other hand you have child care policy which is primarily about safeguarding, outcomes and accountability. A crucial time for young people spans 12-19 years, this is when they ask themselves: Who am I? Where do I want to be? During this period they are also concerned with how they appear to others and what groups and networks they identify with. Erikson terms this psychosocial stage as the Identity versus Role Confusion period (Beckett, 2002 ). Attachment theory Attachment theory offers an understanding of personality development and behaviour in close relationships and provides an account of the difference in peoples emotional and relationship styles. (Howe, 2000).  John Bowlby is considered to the psychiatrist that developed the attachment theory. Bolwby suggests that when children are separated from their parents or care giver they suffer loss because of the attachment between them. I can see how Philip may have felt when he thought the he had to leave his home for a second time having already lost the home of his birth mother, it is thought by the social worker and the foster carers that one of the reason that Philip does not want to return is because he does not want to suffer loss again. This has had an obvious affect of Philips behaviour, the tenets of this theory is that close relationships or attachments have a direct effect on the emotional and social development across a lifespan (Howe 2000). Avoidant Attachments Howe (2009) describes avoidant attachments as children and young people whom display avoidant attachments as having parent(s) that are either indifferent whom have their own trauma going on or are emotionally rigid or completely rejecting of their childs needs. Although parents will react well when their child is happy and content that soon changes when the child needs change for instance when their child is in distress and is need of comfort. Howe suggest that attempts at intimacy only seem to increase parental distance, even rebuff, this communicating to the child that they are not wanted. Attachment to home and a safe place is a primary ways in which people preserve self-identity. the way in which people identify and become attached to places, buildings, objects, and how this attachment can contribute to personal well-being or how we feel about ourselves (Low et al 1992). To look at why these places, building and objects become important provides us with insight into what happens when people have to move and the dilemmas that they may face. Attachment is an emotional relationship that provides reliability, continuity, care and comfort. John Bowlby writes in his research relating to the concept of attachment, describing it as a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings (Bowlby, 1969, p. 194). Bowlby held the psychoanalytic view that early years experiences of a child has an important propensity toward development and behaviour later in life, most attachment styles are formed in the early years of childhood developed through the relationship with the care -giver. Mary Ainsworth during the 1970s built on the work of Bowlbys work in her study called Strange situations which looked at children where they were left alone for a short period of time then quickly comforted by the care giver/mother (Ainsworth, 1978). These help her to formulate the attachment classification system, which examine specific differences in a childs use of attachment figures as a constant and reliable base from which they can then explore the environment. Change requires personal adjustment, and some change can be more stressful than others. When facing a move fears of adjustment and a change in familiar environment and living conditions can be seen as a major problem for young people. Philip was reluctant to move out of the area that he lived at with his foster carers, he felt that if he had to move to supported lodging that it would be in an are where he has had problems in the past. Care Management involves assessing needs and keeping a watchful eye over a number of services that are provided by workers other than the social worker, the role of care manager is not new to social work and has existed for many years, historically the social worker would arrange a package of care, seek the views of the service user, engage with other professionals when collecting information relevant to the care package following that there would be an assessment then the social worker would engage appropriate services that met the need of the service user. Discrimination ,Inequality and oppression, Separation and Loss Solution focused (brief) theory Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)is based on solution-building rather than problem-solving. SFBT explores the here and now and planned aspirations opposed to solving the current problems this method of working with young people can be practiced as well as other interventions. The theoretical underpinnings of solution-focused brief therapy have been developed out of philosophy as well as an appreciation of communicating positive outcomes through a creative process. Primary because the focus of this intervention is on future goals set by the young person, more importantly because with this method of intervention shows that problems are not limited by boundaries therefore neither the social worker (and other professionals) cannot be wrong the tends to lead to agreements being forged. This had been found to help build the relationship with David so that he felt that he was being heard through his verbal and non verbal communication. However whilst there is not a grounded understanding that identify the nature of the problem SFBT it creates problems in being able to measure efficacy. In this instance SFBT was used to build confidence, trust and capacity with David so that he would be prepared for his future with the current foster carers. Task centred practice Task Centred social work provides a clear framework for professional intervention, it deal with current (here and now) problems. It focuses on the problem and tries to negotiate and agree a method of dealing with the problem by identifying goals and setting timescales. There are 2 primary components of this approach which are Task Crisis intervention theories Outcomes Led Approach Child development Children do not have the same language skills or the emotional development of adults and therefore their attachment anxieties are triggered stopping them expressing themselves verbally and producing dysfunctional or attachment behaviours. Attachment behaviours can include minimising expressions of distress, that is the child knows that when their parent is shouting at them and the child is distressed this results in further parental rejection, so the child learns to minimise expressions of distress. The child acts happy even when frighten. In contrast the child express graet distress, especially when a parent is about to leave a type of attention seeking behaviour is communicating but not saying verbally show me you love me. Parenting a teenager in foster care can be vastly different from the ordinary parenting a birth child that is now a teenager. With the foster child there need to be a recognition and understanding of the young person background along with any previous placement breakdowns whether there are any disturbed and difficult behaviours. Foster carers must assist in adjusting the young persons defence mechanisms, developing attachments with the foster family whilst wherever possible maintaining links with the birth family. The foster carers felt that due to a recent argument with Philips birth mother he felt that no one liked him as his birth mother had chastised him for his language toward her. What skills are necessary? Report writing in accordance to the BAAF standards, work load and time management. Correspondence and record keeping Empathy is a dominant concept within social work. Recieving empathy enhances a clients feeling of self worth by communicating to them that they are understandable and are worth understanding. A social workers verbal and non verbal responses are crucial to communicating to the client they are being understood and entails skills to filter out and feedback themes and core messages in the client communication( ) Communications skills are essential in effectictive social work practice throughout the stages of assessment, planning, intervention and review. Questioning skills need to be employed to gain greater clarification concerning extremely personal issues and to constructively challemge client to recognised their responsibilities. For example, in the assessment process the accuracy of information is vital. However, the nature of this information is often sensitive and loaded with emotion and feeling from the past. If foster carers and young people are able to share this type of information they need to be convinced that there are being understood. What knowledge is required? In my interaction with service users and specifically in this case service providers (foster carers) human development theory influences my approach and form of communication. What techniques are appropriate? Interview formal and informal Assessment Reflection From my learning perspective, this case study highlights the complexities associated with working with children with behavioural issues. It was an opportunity to examine how social work can and does address thiese issues through the legislative and policy frameworks, along with our own knowledge and experience as well as the values and ethics set out in the National Occupational Standards. Your analysis should also include reflection on your skills and learning needs (500 words including 500 word description of an interaction with a service user) References Department of Children, Schools and Families (2010) Working Together to Safeguard Children: A Guide to Interagency Working ToSafeguard and Promote the Welfare of Children Nottingham: DCSF Publications. Thompson, N. (2003) Communication and Language: A Handbook of Theory and Practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Low, S, Altman, I. (1992) Place attachment: a conceptual inquiry in Altman, I. and Low, S.M. (eds) Place Attachment, New York: Plenum Press. Thompson, N. (2005) Understanding Social Work, Preparation for Practice- Second edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Department of Health (1991). Care Management and Assessment: a Practioners Guide. London: HMSO. Howe, D. (2000) Attachment Theory. In Davies, M. (ed). The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Social Work. Oxford: Blackwell (pp 25-27). Howe, D. (1995) Attachment Theory for Social Work Practice. New York: Palgrave. Farmer,E.,Moyes,S.,Lipscombe,J, (2004) Fostering Adolescents Jessica Kingsley: London Farmer,E,. Moyers,M,(2003) Parenting skills adolescents: Skills and starategies, London School for policy Studies, University of Bristol: Bristol Care Management Care management is gathering information and seeking out how needs can be best met whilst enabling the service user to access services required, it also monitors service delivery ensuring that their services are continuing to meet the identified needs. The relationship between social worker and carer is a continually developing one whereby the negotiating with other professionals and giving and receiving information, this is all done in a non judgemental way enabling the carer to also develop their own skills of negotiating. I this case the carer was concerned with achieving a form of agreement or understanding as to the amount of foster children she could have at her home. It is important not to make the carer feel that care management is all about ticking boxes and ensuring that the correct piece of paper have been completed, if this where the case then there would not be the need for social work skills when manage care packages. Characteristics of Attachment Bowlby held that there were four characteristics of attachment: Proximity Maintenance The desire to be near the people we are attached to. Safe Haven Returning to the attachment figure for comfort and safety in the face of a fear or threat. Secure Base The attachment figure acts as a base of security from which the child can explore the surrounding environment. Separation Distress Anxiety that occurs in the absence of the attachment figure. (Bowlby, 1969). Care Management, involves overseeing the provision of a package of care services geared toward maintaining someone in the community who would otherwise need to rely on institutional provision (Thompson 2005 p69). Good care management encompasses a macro overview when completing the assessment, it should be completed in partnership with the service user and family paying regard to the strength and weaknesses as well as their ability to look at their life history and communicate the reason they find themselves in the current situation. Care Management is defined in government guidance as the process of tailoring services to individual needs (DOH, 1991:b).